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Why DVD is the most popular format for movies today:
DVD was originally known as a Digital Video Disk. However, despite its name, a DVD allows recording of not only video but music and data as well, so today it is more common to call it a Digital Versatile Disk, or a digital universal disk. Though most DVDs have the same physical dimensions as compact discs or CDs, the main difference between a DVD and a CD is in the amount of data that can be stored on them which makes them more suitable for recording movies. A typical CD can store up to 700 MB and a DVD can store anywhere from 4.7 GB to 13 GB and even 17 GB of data. This is possible first of all because the laser wavelength for reading DVDs is smaller than that used for reading CDs which allows a tremendous increase in the density of recorded data. Secondly, there are the so-called double-layer DVDs which have data recorded on one side in two layers, the first layer being translucent, so that the second layer can be read through the first. The increase of data density and the reduction of laser wavelength reduced the thickness of the protective plastic layer in DVDs to 0.6 mm compared to 1.2 mm used in CDs. However, in order to keep the standard size of a disc and avoid excessive fragility of DVDs, they are filled with plastic on both sides to increase the thickness of a disc to standard 1.2 mm. This also allows recording of data on both sides of the DVD at the same time doubling its capacity for data storage.
Most commonly used types of DVDs:
DVD-5: 4.7 GB of data or over 2 hours of video, one layer on one side.
DVD-9: 8.5 GB of data or about 4 hours of video, two layers on one side.
DVD-10: 9.4 GB of data or about 4.5 hours of video, one layer on two sides.
DVD-14: 13.24 GB of data or about 6.5 hours of video, two layers on one side, one layer on another.
DVD-18: 17 GB of data or more than 8 hours of video, on both sides, two layers each.
Are DVDs more prone to mechanical damages?
There is an opinion that because of higher density of data on DVDs they are more sensitive to mechanical damages such as scratches than CDs. Though surface damages may affect the quality of data reading from DVDs, they are not more sensitive to them than CDs. This is because DVDs have much more effective mechanism of error control. With DVD-video even the reading errors will not have fatal consequences. At worst you may see a short-term artifact of the image and then everything will go on smoothly. Of course major damages can make the disc unreadable but it would be the case with CDs as well.
DVD regional codes:
Movie studios need to control the distribution of the movies which are being released in various formats (DVD, HD DVD, Blu-Ray, UMD) in different countries. This is because the release dates for movies in the movie theaters and the dates of their releases on DVDs are different for different countries. The movies on DVDs or other video formats should be available for sale or rental only after they have been shown in movie theatres. The movies that are already available on DVD in USA may just start being shown in movie theaters in Europe. That is why to control DVD movies distribution the video industry introduced codes based on various regions.